The Aboriginals People And Cultural Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Aboriginals People And Cultural. Answer: Introduction Unlike most countries whose history is clearly written down, most Australians have a sketchy understanding of their indigenous traditions of their countys first people. The Aboriginals people occupied Australia before the Europeans arrived. The British were the first people to arrive in Australia as they were searching for new colonies after losing America during the American Revolution. The first British fleet of ships docked into Botany Bay on the 18th January 1788 but later shifted to Sydney Harbour on 26th January. It is believed that the main reason why the British sought out Australia was to decongest their homeland prisons and to settle some of her pardoned citizens. As with other colonies, Britain started by invading the Aboriginals in evicting them from their lands, infecting them with diseases that their immunity could not fight leading to deaths and force some of them into slavery. Invasion After arriving in Sydney, Australia in 1788, the British did the same thing they did with the American Indians. They forced the Aborigines from the fertile lands. In the process, many indigenous people were killed as they tried to resist and to protect their lands. Many tribes of the Aborigines died out completely because of starvation. The food that they used to get freely from their land was no longer available. The freedom to roam freely in their land was curtailed ( Oxley Stewart, 2017). Those who survived were forced into slavery, women, and children subjected to harsh working conditions doing everything as some women were imprisoned and used as sex slaves. The Aborigines were subjected to poverty and very hard-working conditions (Gammage, 2011). Cultural Aspects The Aborigines had their own cultural believes long before the British colonized them. The arrival of the British posed a great threat to their culture. The British had a different perception of knowledge, which was different from that of the British. The British believed that their culture was more superior to that of the original occupants of Australia. They also had divergent views on how they viewed knowledge. (Behrendt, 2012) They completely wiped out the original education system of the aborigines and replaced it with their system of education. They that a person possessing their education was skilled and hence suitable to be employed in their farms. The Europeans marginalized the aborigines to the extent that up to date history tends to ignore their contribution and impact to the Australian culture and customs. Over 90% of the aborigines died because of starvation, diseases and death sentences ( Oxley Stewart, 2017). Health and Diseases Upon arrival, the British introduced deadly diseases that were not in Australia originally. The wave of epidemic diseases like smallpox, influenza, and measles spread out rapidly and annihilated many Indigenous communities, of which half of them were killed by smallpox (together, 2012). Women and girls who were imprisoned as sex slaves also contracted deadly sexual transmitted diseases which killed many of them and some infecting their spouses. According to Edward Wilson and Argus 17th March 1856, they wrote we have infected them with diseases which have rotted the bones of their adults and made such few children as are born amongst them a sorrow and a torture from the very instant of their birth. Most of the indigenous occupants of Australia died and most communities became extinct from the face of the earth. As most adults died of diseases, children died of malnutrition and hunger, as they had no one to take care of them (Hill, 2006). Conflicts The expansion of British settlements leads to opening of new colonies in Tasmania resulted to constant conflicts between the local aborigines and the colonial masters. The outcome of these conflicts was mass killings and massive destruction of property belonging to the aborigines. Competition for land and other natural resources that were available at that time accelerated the conflicts between the British and aborigines. The main reason for the competition was to create more land for the settlers who were moving out of Britain to Australia. Historical documents show that massacres of Indigenous people often took the form of mass shootings or driving groups of people off cliffs. This was in a bid to reduce the numbers of the aborigines so that Britain could exploit Australia without any interference (AIATSIS, 2009). Conclusion Australia was a key asset to Britain has she needed a place that would accommodate her citizens that were initially living in the USA after the American Revolution. In addition, in a bid to settle her prisoners, Australia proved to be a good alternative. The Aborigines problems began the moment the first ship docked in Sydney. Foreign diseases, constant conflicts, mass killings, and foreign culture quickly came in killing many of them. References Oxley, D., Stewart, H. M. (2017). Digital panopticon. Retrieved from https://www.digitalpanopticon.org/Convicts_and_the_Colonisation_of_Australia,_1788-1868 AIATSIS. (2009). Retrieved from Aboriginal studies Press: https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/first-encounters-and-frontier-conflict Behrendt, P. (2012). Indigenous Australia for Dummies. Wiley Publishing Australia Pty ltd. Gammage, B. (2011). The Biggest Estate on Earth. Hill, E. F. (2006). Imperialism in Australia. Retrieved from Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line: https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/australia/hill-ssi/chapter4.htm together, A. (2012). Australians together. Retrieved from Colonisation: https://www.australianstogether.org.au/discover/australian-history/colonisation/

Qatar Airways and Air Asia - Resource And Competencies

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy for Comparison Between Qatar Airways and Air Asia. Answer: Competitive advantage is defined as an edge or superiority over the competitors that allows a company to generate goods or services which are more appealing to customers. The condition of competitive advantage allows an organization to generate better margins or sales than the competitors (Moon and Dathe-Douglas, 2015). Qatar airways have obtained competitive advantage for itself by providing extraordinary customer services. Although the price of the air tickets is high in Qatar Airways; the exceptional services of the company has assisted it in developing a customer base. Along with it, Qatar Airways has a new fleet of modern planes and grand airports that attract many customers (Qatar Airways Media Release, 2016). The geography of the airports also plays a critical role in developing the competitive advantage, as a passenger can use middle-eastern airlines for very long routes with only once changing the plane (Hobica, 2015). Air Asia has a significant customer base which is developed due to its low cost strategy. During its launch, the airline launched a publicity slogan Now Everyone Can Fly. With it, the company was successful in attracting a large number of customers to fly with it (Air Asia, 2016). As per the Porters generic strategy, a company can achieve competitive advantage by three generic strategies, namely, differentiation, cost leadership and focus. It can be examined that there Qatar Airways is focusing on the strategy of product differentiation whereas Air Asia is focusing on the strategy of cost differentiation (Bosch and Man, 2013). Resource and Competencies of Company In order to obtain competitive advantage over other companies, a company needs to create value in its operations. The value chain analysis is a strategic tool that examines the valuable activities of an organization. From the value chain analysis of Air Asia and Qatar airways it can be examined that: Inbound logistics: It involves the manner a company obtains raw materials from its supplier. Air Asia is a low cost airline; therefore, it they strategize to purchase oil when the prices are low. Qatar airways have established competitive advantage by developing relationship with their long-term suppliers. Outbound logistics: Air Asia tries to support all the customer services through online mode. The customers can book their boarding passes and tickets from their computer system. They can also check the flight schedule and time on the companys website. Qatar Airways has developed competitive advantage by offering excellent customer services at majority of airports. Operations: Air Asia has implemented various strategies to reduce the operation cost. Qatar airways have implemented several strategies for increasing operational efficiency. Marketing and Sales: Air Asia has a focused marketing strategy and it targets customers who want cheap flights (Sarkar and Islam, 2013). Qatar airways have also achieved competitive advantage by establishing communication with their customers through different means and creating premier club cards for the loyal customers. Services: As Air Asia offers low-cost travel, it offers limited services to its customers. Qatar Airways offer excellent services to its customers. Secondary Activities: Operations: The infrastructure of the company is strong. Over the years, the company has evolved to provide cheapest fare with adequate services. It has also expanded its operations across a large number of countries. Qatar airways have a world class infrastructure and grand airports. Human Resource Management: The Company acquires several multi-skilled and experienced professionals from different domains. In service companies, human resources are significant to obtain competitive advantage. It is important to increase customer satisfaction and their efficiency. Technology: It has integrated technology in its operations to minimize operating cost and efficiency. Qatar airways focus on fostering innovation in the organization to enhance the customer experience. Procurement: Air Asia has good procurement services. Qatar Airway obtains benefits in procurement of services through economy of sale and its large size (Qatar Airways, 2016). VRIO Framework In order to examine whether the firm is achieving competitive advantage or not from its current resources, VRIO (Value, Rarity, Imitability, and Organization) framework can be used. This framework is acronym of four questions, whether a firm can exploit an external opportunity with its current resources, do the resources or capability of the companies are in the hand of few people, is it difficult to copy the product offered by the company and if the company has the organization structure to capture the value from its resources (Grnig Kuhn, 2015). Value Air Asia has implemented various strategies to ensure that it establishes value within the system. The company has eradicated over the counter booking system and eliminating all the addition services such as booking system, free food and beverage and limited attendant services. It has also limited the flight frequency and focused on specific destinations to maximize revenue (Radzi et al., 2014). On the other hand, Qatar Airways has created value by providing extraordinary customer services and luxurious ambiance to its customers. Rarity Air Asia has modified its business model to provide air travel at a very low cost in comparison to its competitors. The geographical location of Qatar airways provides it opportunity to offer long haul air travel between Europe and Asia with minimum switching. Imitability In the airlines business, the high capital requirement makes imitability of the business difficult. However, one of the Air Asias imitable characteristics is path dependency and fast turnaround times. The work culture and efficiency in the organizations operations are hard to imitate. The competitive advantage of Qatar Airways is its excellent customer services, location and grand lounges and airports. They are hard to imitate due to high capital requirement. Organization The work culture of both the organization is competent and integrates efficiency and productivity. Balance Scorecard Balance scorecard is the strategic performance evaluation tool that is use to examine the efficacy of the strategies and its measures on the external outcomes. It examines four key areas, namely, customers, finance, growth and finance (Niven, 2010). Balance scorecard of Air Asia Customer Objectives Measures Initiatives Cheap flights between destinations Low cost No frills flight A comfortable environment Use of online ticketing Internal Business Process Objective Measures Initiatives Productivity % output Elimination of non-value added activities, buying oil and other resources when the prices are low Reducing operations cost Reducing luxury facilities and inflight attendance Learning and Growth Objective Measures Initiatives Skilled Staffing % of skilled staff to total Change in HR policy Process Innovations Increased output Modifications in organizational policies Finance Objective Measures Initiatives Increase Revenues Current revenue is 5,416 RM million (2014) Regular Supervision Reduce Cost Current expenses are 4,562 (2014) (Air Asia five year financial highlight) Supervision Optimal Utilization of Resources Profit margin Balance scorecard of Qatar Airways Customer Objectives Measures Initiatives Luxurious facilities Providing exceptional services and recruiting highly talented staff Analysis of quality problems and employment of adequate controls Value for money The airlines tries to address all the needs of the customers Internal Business Process Objective Measures Initiatives Productivity Hiring highly skilled workforce On time delivery of services Learning and Growth Objective Measures Initiatives Skilled Staffing Recruiting best talent and provide excellent pay scale Process Innovations Modifications in organizational policies Strategic Communication Fast decision making Implementing technical measures Finance Objective Measures Initiatives Increase Revenues from the current profit of 103 million dollar(Jones, 2015) efficiency development Optimal Utilization of Resources Red ocean or blue ocean strategies At present, most of the industries experience red ocean market wherein the companies compete with other rival companies to grab maximum market share. It denotes cut throat competition between the rival companies. It can be analyzed that the market grabbed by Qatar Airways comes under red ocean strategy and the company has grabbed substantial market share by implementing several strategies. In contrast to it, blue ocean strategies are focused to tap unknown and new market space. It manages to establish market with minimum competition and risk (50minutes.com, 2015). Air Asia has implemented various strategies that are focused on the long haul and low-cost market which was untapped earlier. Therefore, it comes in the category of blue ocean strategy (Berg Consulting, n.d.). Ansoff matrix to identify the strategic direction pursued by company The Ansoff matrix presents the four major strategies that are used by the business organizations to achieve corporate growth. A business can create market share by the combination of developing new products or exiting products in emerging markets or established markets which are indicated in the Ansoff matrix. These four strategies are market penetration, market development, product development and diversification. It could be examined that Air Asia has implemented the growth strategy of market development by seeking the long haul and low cost market. In market development, a company seeks to pursue new and unexplored market segments. The market development can be on the basis of geographical location or identification of new market need. Since the firm is expanding into new market, it is a riskier strategy (Evans, 2015). In contrast to it, Qatar Airways has implemented the growth strategy of market penetration and product development. In the product development strategy, a company develops new market for the existing market or customers. The product development strategy is an appropriate strategy if the strength of the company is associated with specific product rather than specific customers (Evans, 2015). Qatar Airway is a prominent airway in the Middle Eastern countries. It is trying to establish itself in European countries and the USA by developing their services and providing better services to the customers. Strategic direction by organic growth, mergers acquisition, or strategic alliance The strategic direction refers to the group of actions that implement the organizations strategy. In the airlines business, the companies expand themselves in the international markets to expand their market share. Air Asia has implemented the strategy of joint ventures to create market share in the Asia markets and launched several joint ventures in different countries, like, India, Japan and China. Qatar Airlines is a government organization. It has established strategic alliance with Oneworld, an alliance for frequent international travellers (Partnet Qatar Airway, 2016). Conclusion In the present portfolio, the business strategy of Qatar Airways and Air Asia has been explored. It has been examined that both the companies have focused at a different market share. Air Asia has implemented the blue market strategy and tapped the new market of long haul and low cost market share. In order to achieve it, it implemented several strategic such as elimination of over the counter ticketing system and provided minimal services at the fight and the airport. The current strategies of the company are evaluated from the VRIO framework and the resources and competencies with the value chain framework. In contrast to it, Qatar Airways has established a market with luxury travel and exemplary services. Thee geographical location of the company also present it a competitive advantage of establishing shortest travel routes between destinations in Asia and the USA. With the help of these competitive advantages, the company has established a market share for itself in foreign marke ts like Europe and Asia. In can be evaluated that the company is operating red ocean strategy where it is competing with other airlines by offering excellent services and grand air travel. It has also formed alliance with Oneworld, an alliance of frequent international travellers. References Moon, S. and Dathe-Douglas, S. (2015). The Ultimate Competitive Advantage: Why Your People Make All the Difference and the 6 Practices You Need to Engage Them. BenBella Books, Inc. Hobica, G. (2015). What makes those Middle East airlines so special? USA Today. [Online.] Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/columnist/hobica/2015/09/29/etihad-emirates-qatar-airlines-gulf-carriers/72986680/ [Accessed on: 18 December 2016]. Qatar Airways Media Release. (2016). [Online.] Available at: https://www.qatarairways.com/iwov-resources/temp-docs/press-kit/The%20Story%20of%20Qatar%20Airways%20-%20English.pdf [Accessed on: 18 December 2016]. Air Asia. (2016). With AirAsia, now everyone can fly direct to Luang Prabang. [Online.] Available at: https://www.airasia.com/in/en/press-releases/with-airasia-now-everyone-can-fly-direct-to-luang-prabang.page [Accessed on: 18 December 2016]. Bosch, F.A.J. and Man, A.P. (2013). Perspectives on Strategy: Contributions of Michael E. Porter. Springer Science Business Media. Sarkar, M.S. and Islam, R. (2013). Competitive Market of Air Industry and Competitive Advantages for Customer Satisfaction through Pricing Strategy of Air-Asia. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 9(4), 2505-2512. Davies, B. and Ellison, L. (2003). The New Strategic Direction and Development of the School: Key Frameworks for School Improvement Planning. Psychology Press. Qatar Airways. (2016). New Agreement Set To Facilitate Qatar Tourist Visa Application Process. [Online.] Available at: https://www.qatarairways.com/bh/en/press-release.page?pr_id=pressrelease_touristsvisas [Accessed on: 18 December 2016]. Radzi et al. (2014). Theory and Practice in Hospitality and Tourism Research. CRC Press. Grnig, R., Kuhn, R. (2015). The Strategy Planning Process: Analyses, Options, Projects. Springer. Peng, M.W. (2016). Global Business. Cengage Learning. Niven, P.R. (2010). Balanced Scorecard Step-by-Step: Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results. London: John Wiley and Sons. 50minutes.com. (2015). Blue Ocean Strategy Concept - Overview Analysis: Innovate your way to success and push your business to the next level. 50 Minutes. Berg Consulting. (n.d.). Case Study AirAsia. UCSI Blue ocean strategy regional center. Parrtner Qatar Airways. (2016). Our partners. [Online.] Available at: https://www.qatarairways.com/PrivilegeClub/Partners.page [Accessed on: 18 December 2016]. Air Asia Five year finiancial highlight. (2014). [Online.] Available at: https://www.airasia.com/my/en/about-us/ir-5-year-financial-highlights.page [Accessed on: 26 December 2016]. Jones, R. (2015). Qatar Airways Reveals $103 Million Annual Profit. Wall Street Journal. [Online.] Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/qatar-airways-reveals-103-million-annual-profit-1434384433 [Accessed on: 26 December 2016]. Evans, N. (2015). Strategic Management for Tourism, Hospitality and Events. Lonsdon: Routledge.

Amex Hungary free essay sample

He is faced with a variety of challenges such as high employee turnover, high percentage of unemployment with a large number of unmotivated burned out workers and bureaucracy in the public sector. He underestimated the challenges and was overconfident on his abilities and now it seems like the issues are mountains that needs to be moved. Analysis The issue with staffing is really obvious due to the fact that he has hired sixteen employees, four quit within three days and six were let go after the trial period due to absenteeism (Larson, E. W. , amp; Gray, 2011). His existing staff were no where to be found and will not even call him and let him know personally why they are not at work. This shows lack of respect, professionalism, structure and discipline on the part of his staff. It is also a reflection and indication of his leadership and management skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Amex Hungary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On his main job of establishing 10-14 stations he met with a prospect that he met from a reception sponsored by the US Embassy and Hungarian business people. Zoltan Kodaly owns three gas stations. Instead of trying to get to know the Kodaly who brought in a young daughter to translate he went straight to discussing how much AMEX is willing to pay for two of his stations. And went on to tell them about franchising that it is similar to McDonalds you pay a franchise fee, share profits with AMEX, and adhere to AMEX procedures and practices. I n exchange, AMEX would provide petroleum and funds to renovate the stations to meet AMEX standards (Larson, amp; Gray, 2011 p. 562). When he was asked what will happen to his employees Thomas said that they were overstaffed by 70% and must eliminate at least 15 people to make a profit. He knew from the reaction of Kodaly and his daughter that his focus is only for AMEX to take over the business and not to help them. Another interesting subject is the bureaucracy that is plaguing the public sector. They were expecting new tanks that they ordered from Vienna. It took several phone calls to find out that it didnt arrive because it is being held at customs. He was promised by local officials that everything is taken care of. This is another waste of time and resources because the workers didnt have anything to do that day. Thomas should have anticipated these types of problems prior to him arriving in Hungary. Understanding the culture especially the way the public sector operates is crucial in being a project manager abroad. Solution Thomas should review his entire project from beginning to end. He needs to involve, train and motivate his current staff and lay down his new vision and mission. He needs to empower each and every single staff to be responsible and accountable for their own projects. Conduct regular meeting updates and practice effective communication all across the board. Thorough research needs to be done prior to setting up a meeting with a prospect. A concise plan needs to be prepared and presented to a prospect with a complete detail of what option is best for their situation. They need to know what the major challenges are and present it that emphasize value that by partnering with AMEX their business will be better and become more profitable. His best resources are his staff when it comes to learning the ropes on how to deal with the local authorities so as to avoid frustration and delay. He needs to learn more about the current job market situation by talking to his staff and local establishments to help him align his recruitment activities and attract the right people for his staff. Thomas needs to lead by example keep focus on the goals and objectives of the project he is set out to accomplish. Justification * The first thing that Michael Thomas needs to do is to go back and review the vision and mission of this project. Once he has a clear plan it might be a good idea to put in a visual format such a flowchart with time frame and names of people involved in each project stage. Present this idea with his staff with enthusiasm and get everyone excited about the new vision. He needs to reiterate that respect, discipline, professionalism, responsibility and accountability are expected from everyone. * Employee training is very important. It will improve skills, improve motivation and generate individual leaders and contributors to the project. Communications should flow effortlessly from amongst peers and other departments or division. This can also be improved through regular meetings updates or lunch and learn activities and make it fun for everyone. Prospecting can also be improved and at the same improve understanding the culture by venturing out and participate in worthwhile programs out in the community. This can be done by sponsorship with the Embassy, the local business groups and schools. By establishing and nurturing relationship in the community AMEX will have a positive impact and perception on local business owners and these would be improve the c hances of attracting prospects tremendously. Research should be done on each individual prospect and find out what they biggest challenges are and customize his presentation based on this data. By focusing on how they can help business owners better manage their business and maximize profits is a winning proposition for both parties. * Recruitment and staffing also need to be improved by partnering with social media, on-line job posting sites and local universities and colleges. By offering good employment package, training and promotion this should attract the right kind of staff he is looking for. * Bureaucracy in the public sector can be resolved by understanding the inner workings of each department that you are dealing with. Its best to understand by doing your homework and research. Listening, learning the jargon and showing respect to the local authorities is very important but at the same you need to show that you have deliverables that are time sensitive and you need their help to achieve that goal. By establishing good relationship and focusing on how you are helping the community will melt the red tape barriers. Summary Differences within and among countries and cultures are numerous and complex. Project managers need to accept these differences and treat them as real or live with the consequence (Larson, , amp; Gray, 2011 p. 558). Leading a project internationally can be really exciting and daunting at the same time if you dont do your homework. Project manager often face obvious and unexpected challenges. But with careful planning and preparation this experience can propel you to extraordinary opportunities. There are two important set of skills a project need to have to lead a successful project overseas are organization skills which include ability to prioritize work with the appropriate timelines. The second skill is interpersonal the ability to establish good relationship with different authority figures that will influence the success or failure of your project. . What are the issues confronting Thomas in this case? Michael Thomas is confronted by a lot of issues in this case. His job was to established 10-14 gas stations in the region by purchasing existing stations, building new ones, or negotiating franchise arrangements with existing owners of stations (Larson, amp; Gray, 2011 p. 560). Aside from thi s tall order he is challenged by trying to find the right people for his staff, the frustrating bureaucratic system that plagues government offices. 2. How well is Thomas dealing with these issues? Thomas does not have a good handle of the issues he has on hand. I believe he overestimated his abilities. If he had planned, researched and prepared prior to accepting this project he would have been in a less stressful situation. It is evident that he does not know how to deal with all the problems he is facing by ignoring the email asking for status. He took some aspirin for his headache prior to his meeting with Kodaly. 3. What suggestions would you have for Thomas in managing this project? At this point I am optimistic that Thomas can still turn things around. He is actually doing the right thing by reading up on the current events and getting honest feedback from expats like him. Now, the next step for him is formulate a better deal so station owners such as Zoltan Kodaly will be more excited to convert his station as a franchise and focus on all the benefits of having all the sales, marketing and infrastructure covered by AMEX which will make three stations state of the art and modern. He need to focus on all the other benefits and privileges Kodaly will get by agreeing to becoming a franchisee. These will include less stress as a business owner because it will be easier for him to run his 2 stations backed with 100% support from AMEX. This includes training, accounting, sales, advertising, marketing and merchandising. Another advantage is they can help in negotiation better rates from a financial institution. Define territories of operations with the Franchise can help Franchisee from the competition. They can speak with the franchisor to discuss their business challenges or problems something a non-franchised business can almost never do (â€Å"MMamp;A,† n. . ) . On the current challenge of staff turnover and unmotivated workers, Thomas needs to do an extensive research and find out how to attack the right workers for his staff. It would probably help to consider applicants past the 30 age range and see if that will work. Motivation and positive energy should come from him and radiate that to everyone he deals with. Check the status of social media in Hungary, on-li ne job posting and create partnership with Universities and Colleges and use this as a recruiting tool for him. He needs to be creative and sweeten the deal to be able to attract the right people for his staff. And finally, he needs to research more on the culture and figure out how to cooperate with the bureaucracy in all the government agencies that they need to deal with. He should have a never ending supply of first hand information from his friends, staff and local paper which he is already doing. Instead of being bogged down by the negative reports he should turn them into challenges because this is what project management is all about. It is the ability to adapt and conduct business in a totally different environment and culture. This is the main reason why he signed up for this job anyway. This is a very challenging but the rewards are unlimited once he managed to break down all the barriers. References Larson, E. W. , amp; Gray, C. F. (2011). Project management: The Managerial Process (5th ed. ). New York: McGraw Hill. MMamp;A. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. franchiseconsulting. net. au/Advantages-of-the-Franchise-System/Advantages-of-the-Franchising-System/Advantages-of-the-Franchise-System. asp

Sir William Schwenk Gilbert

Sir William Schwenk Gilbert stated in the first act of The Mikado Let the punishment fit the crime. In society punishments are given to make people suffer for their wrong doings. Is it fair that when man breaks rules but only in the name of righteousness that he be punished? In the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey, the author skillfully portrays man as one who suffers for breaking the rules, while trying to stand up for his beliefs and inspire others. One may suffer as a consequence of breaking the rules, but he will suffer unfairly if he were only breaking them to stand up for his beliefs. In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Nurse Ratched constantly caused the inmates to endure unfair suffering when they broke the rules, even if they were breaking them to stand up for their beliefs. On the evening of the world series game, the inmates led by McMurphy held a vote so they could watch the game. The deciding vote was not submitted in time because the meeting was closed according to the Nurse. McMurphy rebelled against this unfair decision by skipping his chores and sitting there with his hands crossed behind his head and his feet stuck out in a chair, a smoking cigarette sticking out from under his hatbrim - watching the blank TV screen.(p. 127). The Nurse believed this showed unspeakable behavior concerning [his] house duties and she felt that her punishment of taking away a privilege (p. 171) had therapeutic v! alue (p. 171). What the Nurse was really doing was punishing this man for standing up for himself. McMurphy suffers as a result of his courage to take a stand against the Nurses unfair ruling. McMurphy rebels against the system by breaking Nurse Ratcheds rules and laying down his own. To me this sounds like a leader trying to make a difference not a man who deserves punishment. In like manner, the ...

An Ideal Husband Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

An Ideal Husband - Essay Example Lord Goring also tries to test as to what Lady Chiltern will do if she comes to know of Sir Chiltern’s shady past and tries to convince Lady Chiltern to be charitable when it comes to forgiving her husband. In the mean time Mrs. Cheveley tells Lady Chiltern about Sir Robert’s ill gotten wealth and on knowing this Lady Chiltern refuses to forgive Sir Robert for his dishonesty. In this Act lot of confusion ensues between Sir Chiltern and Lord Goring because Sir Chiltern believes that Mrs. Cheveley sitting in Goring’s drawing room is an evil lady while Goring believing that particular lady to be Lady Chiltern, tries to defend her character before Sir Robert. When Sir Robert leaves, Goring manages to get the letter which is a proof of Sir Robert’s shady past from Cheveley by scaring her of trusting her to the authorities for stealing a piece of jewelry. However, Mrs. Cheveley manages to steal the letter Lady Chiltern wrote to Goring and tells him that she will show that letter to Sir Robert to prove that Goring has a relationship with Lady Chiltern. In this Act all the confusions and misunderstandings get resolved and Lord Goring convinces Lady Chiltern to forgive her husband Robert and allow him to carry on with his public life. In the mean time Lord Goring also proposes marriage to Mabel Chiltern which she gladly accepts. All the controversies get resolved and all the major characters in the play end up getting what they

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION Research Proposal

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION - Research Proposal Example sis on sports, clothes, vocabulary dating and popular music set youths different from the other age groups, making them have what majority believe is a significant culture of their own. Within the youth culture, there exists’ many sophisticated, distinct and constantly changing youth subcultures. These subcultures’ values, styles, norms and behaviors vary broadly and differ from the known youth culture. This is a reasonable topic for it captures the varieties of fashion in the society. It would be a splendid idea to demonstrate what people of today think about the invasion of fashion in the society. I also chose this topic because many think youth culture does not exist. Through this research, I will prove that youth culture exists’. Youth culture is a recent field of study in modern history. Theories that explain the emergence of youth culture have been proposed by several theorists and philosophers. Youth culture theories suggest the effect of psychological, historical and economic factors amongst youths as the major cause of emergence of youth culture in the 20th century. Lury (2011), argues that schooling has been a big influence on the emergence of Youth culture. Age is seen as the major cause of separate youth cultures. Modern schooling has made it possible for interactions of youths who share experiences and definitions that facilitate the growth of a new youth culture (Lury, 2011). Frith (1984), notes that youth culture is amajor player in the development for an identity amongst youths in the modern times. Whenever youths do not have a clear role in their life, youth culture helps them to achieve a certain identity. Youth culture is hence a way in which youths reconcile confusion and identity issues. Fashion, is one of the most powerful youth cultures that have emerged in the 20th century. Fashion helps youths to identify with a certain class or culture and hence, fashion is a youth culture that helps in providing youths with an

Effect of Marijuana on PTSD Patient Stress Levels

Effect of Marijuana on PTSD Patient Stress Levels Does marijuana decrease stress levels in patients with PTSD? Marijuana and the topic of its effects and whether it should be legalized or not is a popular controversy. Advocates for legalization claim that there are multiple benefits for medical cannabis use, such as treating PTSD patients to reduce their symptom severity and many others. With growing interest in marijuana and its benefits across the world, more knowledge on its composition and effects are vital to ensure that misuse doesn’t become dangerous. Multiple studies have been done on the topic of the correlation between marijuana use and PTSD symptom severity. With varying results, there is significant evidence supporting both sides of the argument. This encourages the fact that more studies need to be conducted to gain a more definitive answer. However, it is evident that marijuana may reduce stress levels in patients with PTSD. Two studies on the effects of cannabinoids on the brain on the consolidation of a traumatic event show that marijuana can be used as a sort of therapy. One of the studies discussed tested the specific cannabinoid and glucocorticoid receptors and their reactions in the amygdala and hippocampus. The other studied the effects of enhancing endocannabinoid signaling and blocking corticotrophin releasing receptor in the amygdala and hippocampus. Both these studies were very specific and had positive results. The findings of the first study suggested that the basolateral amygdala is an area of action of cannabinoids and glucocorticoids in moderating consolidation of traumatic memory in a rat model with PTSD.1 The findings also showed the specific receptors that are activated and deactivated in the amygdala and hippocampus when being treated with cannabinoids for PTSD. The findings of the second article also suggested that enhancing endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala and hippocampus produced a favorable spectrum of effects. Marijuana dependence is shown to moderate the effect of PTSD on trauma reactivity in substance dependent patients. One of the studies explored the role of marijuana dependence in the relationship between PTSD and subjective and biological emotional reactivity in response to a stressful situation. The findings of the study showed that patients with PTSD who were also marijuana dependent may experience changes in their emotional processing in response to said stressful situations.2 This dampens their emotional reactivity in order for them to not have triggering symptoms. Studies show that with moderate amounts on a regular basis, PTSD symptoms in patients were reduced. One such study explored the moderating role of the tendency to engage in strategies to reduce unpleasant personal experiences in the PTSD–cannabis dependence relationship. This study was conducted among a sample of patients with PTSD in residential substance abuse treatment. Another study reported and statistically analyzed psychometric data on PTSD symptoms. Both of these studies showed evidence for marijuana reducing PTSD symptoms. The studies showed that they are consistent with evidence that marijuana use may serve an avoidant role among individuals with PTSD3 and that cannabis is associated with drops in PTSD symptom severity in some patients.4 Both the studies had positive findings that supported the affirmative side of this argument, but also stated that more experiments and studies are crucial for a more definite and well-rounded answer. Some studies show that PTSD patients who use marijuana with expectations regarding their symptoms decreasing experienced no relief, or their symptoms worsened. One study surveyed over 650 male combat veterans who used marijuana to treat their symptoms. These studies not only discuss the dangers of developing a substance use disorder, but the issue of the patients then resorting to other dangerous and potentially harmful drugs to alleviate their disorder. The results of this study showed combat-exposed veterans who use cannabis appear to use more as the magnitude of their PTSD symptoms and the expectations of cannabis-induced relief of those symptoms increase.5 Not only did marijuana consumption not help them, but their symptoms got worse and in turn, their drug intake also got heavier. Veterans reported expecting marijuana-related improvement of all types of symptoms, but significantly more relief from symptoms of intrusion than hyperarousal, followed by avoidance and then numbing.5 Another study also showed that starters and continuing users of marijuana had significantly higher measures of PTSD symptom severity at follow-up tests compared to patients that have either never used marijuana or have stopped. Marijuana consumers also showed significantly higher measures of violent behavior at follow-up than all other groups.6 Some studies also show that treating PTSD with marijuana while having substance use disorders (SUD) and/or cannabis use disorder (CUD) is ineffective. One study conducted a test on the effects of cannabis on patients with PTSD as well as SUDs. Another study did a CUD diagnosis and observed changes in PTSD symptoms over time after discontinuation. This study claimed to present the first evidence of a potential relationship between problematic cannabis use and PTSD symptoms. This indicated that individuals with a CUD are likely to experience lower levels of change in PTSD symptoms over time.7 Some studies show that patients aren’t benefitted nor harmed by marijuana treatments. However, if the patient continues using marijuana to a point where they develop a CUD, then they will also experience lower or no levels of change in the severity of their symptoms. One of the studies stated that there were no significant positive nor negative associations between cannabis use and end-of-treatment PTSD symptom severity.8 These results support the argument that there are no effects to marijuana treatments. This study also stated that cannabis use was not linked to symptom outcomes at end-of-treatment across participants.8 This again shows that there was no correlation between cannabis use and positive nor negative symptom progress. There is significant evidence for both sides of this argument. Studies show that cannabinoids block certain receptors and dampens emotional reactivity, which in turn, lessens the severity of PTSD symptoms. More studies show that many patients are benefitted by marijuana treatments and they report significant decreases in their stress and anxiety levels. However, some studies also show that cannabis treatments can worsen symptoms. As the patient’s symptoms worsen, their intake is increased until they develop a cannabis-use-disorder (CUD). Studies show that patients with CUDs experience lower levels of change in their symptoms, or don’t experience any changes at all. Some others also state that there is actually no benefit, nor harm as cannabis is not directly correlated with PTSD symptoms at all. However, like all medication, certain individuals experience different effects at different levels since no one is the same. These results clearly show that different people can either benefit from marijuana, develop worse symptoms, or not have any effects at all. Taking into consideration all the factors and study results, more research, experiments and studies need to be conducted to achieve a more thorough answer. References 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shoshan, N. & Akirav, I. The effects of cannabinoid receptors activation and glucocorticoid receptors deactivation in the amygdala and hippocampus on the consolidation of a traumatic event. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 144, 248–258 (2017). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aisenberg, N., Serova, L., Sabban, E. L. & Akirav, I. The effects of enhancing endocannabinoid signaling and blocking corticotrophin releasing factor receptor in the amygdala and hippocampus on the consolidation of a stressful event. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 27, 913–927 (2017). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bordieri, M. J., Tull, M. T., McDermott, M. J. & Gratz, K. L. The moderating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and cannabis dependence. J. Context. Behav. Sci. 3, 273–278 (2014). 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greer, G. R., Grob, C. S. & Halberstadt, A. L. PTSD Symptom Reports of Patients Evaluated for the New Mexico Medical Cannabis Program. J. Psychoactive Drugs 46, 73–77 (2014). 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Earleywine, M. & Bolles, J. R. Marijuana, Expectancies, and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Preliminary Investigation. J. Psychoactive Drugs 46, 171–177 (2014). 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wilkinson, S. T., Stefanovics, E. & Rosenheck, R. A. Marijuana use is associated with worse outcomes in symptom severity and violent behavior in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 76, 1174–1180 (2015). 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bonn-Miller, M. O., Boden, M. T., Vujanovic, A. A. & Drescher, K. D. Prospective investigation of the impact of cannabis use disorders on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among veterans in residential treatment. Psychol. Trauma Theory, Res. Pract. Policy 5, 193–200 (2013). 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ruglass, L. et al. Impact of Cannabis Use on Treatment Outcomes among Adults Receiving Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for PTSD and Substance Use Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 6, 14 (2017). 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   by MJG,   compiled. Hemp History Timeline on RediscoverHemp.com. RediscoverHemp 7 (2015). Topic Justification: I selected my topic for a variety of reasons. I strongly believe that marijuana could be a revolutionary drug with multiple medical benefits if more thorough research and experiments are conducted. As someone with a passion for helping people medically, I envision the advantages humankind can extract from the beneficial components of the drug. Starting from the treatments done on PTSD patients, I believe that more enlightenment on the drug could help us to understand it better and hopefully cater it to heal multiple diseases and conditions. Marijuana has been used for centuries as a herbal remedy throughout the world. In fact, the earliest use of marijuana and hemp dates back to 4000 B.C, where it was used in ancient China and Chinese-occupied Turkestan9. With no recorded deaths resulting from overdoses (ever) in history, the fact that marijuana is classified at the highest drug classification alongside harsh drugs like cocaine and heroin seems astounding. This also significantly limits the amount of legal research and experiments that can be conducted. I believe that starting off with PTSD patients, as more recognition is received to marijuana as a medical drug rather than a â€Å"dangerous illicit substance†, the benefits can be thoroughly explored and new medical breakthroughs can be achieved.